APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR NEUROMODULATION
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Accused Products
Abstract
Apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems), and methods for transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). Apparatuses described herein can be self-contained, lightweight, and wearable. The apparatuses and methods described herein be configured to apply an ensemble current waveform between the two or more electrodes, wherein the ensemble current waveform comprises a series of component waveforms that are sequentially applied, and wherein each component waveform is different from a component waveform immediately before it and wherein transitions between the component waveforms temporally correlates with transitions in the sensory experience. Also described are neurostimulators for application of transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) and methods of using them for comfortably inducing a cognitive effect. Also described are Methods and apparatuses for amplitude modulation of all or a portion of an ensemble waveform to modify a user'"'"'s cognitive state by transdermal electrical stimulation (TES).
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Citations
47 Claims
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1-34. -34. (canceled)
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35. A transdermal neurostimulator device, the device comprising:
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a housing having a first surface; a first connector and a second connector, wherein the first connector is configured to electrically connect with a first electrode and the second connector is configured to electrically connect with a second electrode; and a controller within the housing, the controller comprising; a waveform generator configured to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic current between the first and second connectors, and a capacitive discharge circuit triggered by the controller and connected to one or both of the first and second connectors and configured to deliver a gradual capacitive discharging current pulse during a portion of a cycle of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal to either or both the first electrode and the second electrode. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
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45. A transdermal neurostimulator device, the device comprising:
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a housing enclosing a current source; a first surface on the housing; a first connector and a second connector, wherein the first connector is configured to electrically connect with a first electrode of an electrode apparatus and the second connector is configured to electrically connect with a second electrode; and a controller within the housing, the controller comprising; a waveform generator configured to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic current between the first and second connectors, and a capacitive discharge circuit triggered by the controller and connected to one or both of the first and second connectors and configured to deliver a gradual capacitive discharging current pulse during a portion of a cycle of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal, the capacitive discharging current pulse delivering either or both;
a first charge to counter a first capacitive charge on the first electrode, and a second charge to counter a second capacitive charge on the second electrode.
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46. A method of modulating a subject'"'"'s cognitive state with a transdermal neurostimulator, the method comprising:
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delivering a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic current between a pair of electrodes of a transdermal neurostimulator attached to subject, wherein the neurostimulator comprises a first connector configured to electrically connect with a first electrode of the pair of electrodes and a second connector configured to electrically connect with a second electrode of the pair of electrodes, and a housing enclosing a controller having a waveform generator and a capacitive discharge circuit; and applying a capacitive discharging current pulse during a portion of a cycle of the biphasic electrical stimulation signal, the capacitive discharging current pulse delivering either or both;
a first charge that counters a first capacitive charge on the first electrode, and a second charge that counters a second capacitive charge on the second electrode.
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47-62. -62. (canceled)
Specification