High efficiency light emitting diode (LED) with optimized photonic crystal extractor
First Claim
1. A light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
- (a) a substrate;
(b) an active layer formed on the substrate, wherein the active layer includes one or more light emitting species;
(c) one or more optical confinement layers formed under or around the active layer; and
(d) one or more diffraction gratings formed on the LED, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that direct emissions outside the LED;
(e) wherein the optical confinement layers are formed to tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED to enhance light extraction by the photonic crystals, by exciting the guided modes localized above the optical confinement layers for extraction by the photonic crystals, and the photonic crystals convert the guided modes into extracted light from the LED.
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Abstract
A high efficiency, and possibly highly directional, light emitting diode (LED) with an optimized photonic crystal extractor. The LED is comprised of a substrate, a buffer layer grown on the substrate (if needed), an active layer including emitting species, one or more optical confinement layers that tailor the structure of the guided modes in the LED, and one or more diffraction gratings, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystal extractors. The substrate may be removed and metal layers may be deposited on the buffer layer, photonic crystal and active layer, wherein the metal layers may function as a mirror, an electrical contact, and/or an efficient diffraction grating.
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Citations
14 Claims
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1. A light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
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(a) a substrate; (b) an active layer formed on the substrate, wherein the active layer includes one or more light emitting species; (c) one or more optical confinement layers formed under or around the active layer; and (d) one or more diffraction gratings formed on the LED, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that direct emissions outside the LED; (e) wherein the optical confinement layers are formed to tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED to enhance light extraction by the photonic crystals, by exciting the guided modes localized above the optical confinement layers for extraction by the photonic crystals, and the photonic crystals convert the guided modes into extracted light from the LED. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A light emitting diode (LED) device, comprising a substrate;
- an active layer formed on the substrate, wherein the active layer includes one or more light emitting species;
one or more optical confinement layers formed under or around the active layer; and
one or more diffraction gratings formed on the LED, wherein the diffraction gratings are two-dimensional photonic crystals that direct emissions outside the LED;
wherein the optical confinement layers are formed to tailor a structure of guided modes within the LED to enhance light extraction by the photonic crystals, by exciting the guided modes localized above the optical confinement layers for extraction by the photonic crystals, and the photonic crystals convert the guided modes into extracted light from the LED; and
wherein the LED device is fabricated according to the following method;(a) forming the active layer on a substrate; (b) forming the optical confinement layers under or around the active layer; and (c) forming the diffraction gratings on LED.
- an active layer formed on the substrate, wherein the active layer includes one or more light emitting species;
Specification