Power system method and apparatus
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A power system comprising:
- a high side DC power bus comprising a first voltage rail and a second voltage rail;
a first low side DC power bus;
a second low side DC power bus;
first means for boosting a potential on the first voltage rail of the high side DC power bus above a high potential of the first low side DC power bus; and
second means for boosting a potential on the second voltage rail of the high side DC power bus below a low potential of the second low side DC power bus.
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Abstract
Power converter system topologies comprise a first DC/DC converter to pull a positive rail of a high voltage bus up, while a second DC/DC converter pushes a negative rail of the high voltage bus down. One or both the DC/DC converters may be bi-directional. Such topologies are suitable for use with separate primary power sources, and/or auxiliary power sources. Such topologies may include a DC/AC converter, which may be bi-directional. Such topologies may include one or more auxiliary DC/DC converters, which may be bi-directional. Multiple substrates, including at least one stacked above another may enhance packaging.
414 Citations
119 Claims
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1. A power system comprising:
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a high side DC power bus comprising a first voltage rail and a second voltage rail;
a first low side DC power bus;
a second low side DC power bus;
first means for boosting a potential on the first voltage rail of the high side DC power bus above a high potential of the first low side DC power bus; and
second means for boosting a potential on the second voltage rail of the high side DC power bus below a low potential of the second low side DC power bus. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A power system, comprising:
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a high side DC power bus;
a first low side DC power bus;
a second low side DC power bus;
a first DC/DC power converter electrically coupled to the first low side DC power bus and operable to transform power between the first low side DC power bus and the high side DC power bus; and
a second DC/DC power converter electrically coupled to the second low side DC power bus and operable to transform power between the first low side DC power bus and the high side DC power bus, wherein the first and the second DC/DC power converters are electrically coupled in series with one another across the high side DC power bus during at least one time. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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35. A method of operating a power system, comprising:
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pulling up a potential on a first voltage rail of a high side DC power bus during at least a first period; and
pulling down a potential on a second voltage rail of the high side DC power bus during at least a portion of the first period. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37, 38)
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39. A method of operating a power system, comprising:
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in a first mode, operating a first DC/DC power converter circuit to boost a potential on a first voltage rail of a high side DC power bus above a high potential of a first low side DC power bus; and
in the first mode, operating a second DC/DC power converter circuit to boost a potential on a second voltage rail of the high side DC power bus below a low potential of a second low side DC power bus, the first and the second DC/DC power converter circuits electrically coupled in series with each other across the high side DC power bus. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. A method of operating a power system, comprising:
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supplying power from a first primary power source to a first low side DC power bus electrically coupled to the first primary power source during a first period;
supplying power from a second primary power source to a second low side DC power bus electrically coupled to the second primary power source during at least a portion of the first period;
boosting a potential on a first voltage rail of a high side DC power bus above a high potential of the first low side DC power bus during the first period;
boosting a potential on a second voltage rail of the high side DC power bus below a low potential of the second low side DC power bus during at least the portion of the first period;
ceasing the supplying of power from the second primary power source to the second low side DC power bus electrically coupled to the second primary power source during a second period;
continuing the supplying of power from the first primary power source to the first low side DC power bus during the second period; and
boosting the potential on the first voltage rail of the high side DC power bus above the high potential of the first low side DC power bus during the second period. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52)
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53. A power system, comprising:
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a first multi-layer substrate comprising at least a first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulative layer positioned between the first and the second electrically conductive layers, wherein the first electrically conductive layer of the first multi-layer substrate is patterned to form a number of regions, the regions electrically isolated from one another; and
a second multi-layer substrate comprising at least a first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulative layer positioned between the first and the second electrically conductive layers, wherein the second electrically conductive layer of the second multi-layer substrate is patterned to form a number of regions, the regions electrically isolated from one another, the second multi-layer substrate positioned overlying at least a portion of the first multi-layer substrate, at least one of the regions of the second electrically conductive layer of the second multi-layer substrate electrically coupled to at least one of the regions of the first electrically conductive layer of the first multi-layer substrate. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67)
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68. A power system, comprising:
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a first DC/AC converter multi-layer substrate comprising at least a first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulative layer positioned between the first and the second electrically conductive layers, wherein the first electrically conductive layer of the first DC/AC converter multi-layer substrate is patterned to form a number of regions, the regions electrically isolated from one another;
a second DC/AC converter multi-layer substrate comprising at least a first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulative layer positioned between the first and the second electrically conductive layers, wherein the first electrically conductive layer of the second DC/AC converter multi-layer substrate is patterned to form a number of regions, the regions electrically isolated from one another;
a first number of switches surface mounted to at least some of the regions of the first electrically conductive layers of the first and the second DC/AC converter multi-level substrates to form at least one phase leg of a DC/AC converter;
a DC/DC converter multi-layer substrate comprising at least a first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulative layer positioned between the first and the second electrically conductive layers and forming at least one via therethrough, wherein the first and the second electrically conductive layers of the DC/DC converter multi-layer substrate are patterned to form a number of regions, the regions on first electrically conductive layer electrically isolated from one another and the regions on the second electrically conductive layer electrically isolated from one another, the second electrically conductive layer of the DC/DC converter multi-layer substrate opposed to at least a portion of the first electrically conductive layers of the first and the second DC/AC converter multi-layer substrates, at least one of the regions of the second electrically conductive layer of the DC/DC converter multi-layer substrate electrically coupled to at least one of the regions of the first electrically conductive layer of the first and the second DC/AC converter multi-layer substrates; and
a conductive material received in the at least one via to electrically couple at least one of the regions of the first electrically conductive layer of the DC/DC converter multi-layer substrate with at least one of the regions of the first electrically conductive layers on each of the first and the second DC/AC converter multi-layer substrates by way of at least one of the regions of the second electrically conductive layer of the DC/DC converter multi-layer substrate. - View Dependent Claims (69, 70, 71, 72)
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73. A power system, comprising:
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a first primary direct current to direct current (DC/DC) power converter coupled between a first voltage rail of a high voltage direct current (DC) power system and a positive voltage bus of a low voltage DC power system such that the first primary DC/DC power converter controls a voltage difference between the first voltage rail and the positive voltage bus; and
a second primary DC/DC power converter serially connected to the first primary DC/DC power converter and coupled between a second voltage rail of the high voltage DC power system and a negative voltage bus of the low voltage DC power system such that the second primary DC/DC power converter controls a voltage difference between the second voltage rail and the negative voltage bus. - View Dependent Claims (74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79)
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80. A power system, comprising:
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a first voltage rail operable at a first direct current (DC) voltage;
a second voltage rail operable at a second DC voltage;
a neutral node operable at a neutral voltage that is between the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage, the neutral node coupled to a negative terminal of a first source and coupled to a positive terminal of a second source;
a first primary direct current to direct current (DC/DC) power converter, comprising a first inductor coupled to the positive terminal of the first source;
a first switch coupled between the neutral node and the first inductor; and
a first diode coupled between the first inductor and the first voltage rail;
a second primary DC/DC power converter, comprising a second inductor coupled to a negative terminal of the second source;
a second switch coupled between the neutral node and the second inductor; and
a second diode coupled between the second inductor and the second voltage rail;
a first capacitor coupled between the first voltage rail and the neutral node; and
a second capacitor coupled between the second voltage rail and the neutral node. - View Dependent Claims (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92)
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93. A power system, comprising:
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a first primary direct current to direct current (DC/DC) power converter coupled between a first voltage rail operable at a first direct current (DC) voltage and a positive terminal of a first DC source, comprising;
a first inductor coupled to the positive terminal of the first DC source;
a first switch coupled between a neutral node and the first inductor; and
a second switch coupled between the first inductor and the first voltage rail; and
a second primary DC/DC power converter coupled between a second voltage rail operable at a second DC voltage and a negative terminal of a second DC source, comprising a second inductor coupled to the negative terminal of the second DC source;
a third switch coupled between the neutral node and the second inductor; and
a fourth switch coupled between the second inductor and the second voltage rail. - View Dependent Claims (94, 95, 96, 97)
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98. A power system, comprising:
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a high voltage side having a high voltage rail operable at a first direct current (DC) voltage and a low voltage rail operable at a second DC voltage;
a low voltage side;
a traction drive electrically coupled to the high voltage side without an intervening power converter;
a fuel cell system electrically coupleable to the high voltage side to provide power to the traction drive; and
a DC/DC power converter system electrically coupling the low voltage side to the high voltage side of the power system, wherein the DC/DC power converter system further comprises;
a first primary DC/DC power converter; and
a second primary DC/DC power converter serially connected to the first primary DC/DC power converter, such that the first primary DC/DC power converter is coupled between the high voltage rail and a positive terminal of the low voltage side, and such that the second primary DC/DC power converter is coupled between the low voltage rail and a negative terminal of the low voltage side. - View Dependent Claims (99, 100, 101, 102, 103)
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104. A method of operating a power system, comprising:
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supplying power from a first primary power source to a first low side direct current (DC) power bus electrically coupled to the first primary power source;
supplying power from a second primary power source to a second low side DC power bus electrically coupled to the second primary power source;
pulling up voltage from the first primary power source to a positive high voltage on a first voltage rail of a high side DC power bus; and
pulling down voltage from the second primary power source to a negative high voltage on a second voltage rail of the high side DC power bus. - View Dependent Claims (105, 106, 107, 108)
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109. A method of operating a power system, comprising:
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stepping up a positive DC voltage of a first primary power source to a higher positive DC voltage; and
stepping down a negative DC voltage of a second primary power source to a lower negative DC voltage, wherein the first primary power source and the second primary power source are serially connected. - View Dependent Claims (110, 111, 112, 113, 114)
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115. A method of operating a first primary power source and a second primary power source, comprising:
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initially generating power from the first primary power source and the second primary power source, wherein the first primary power source and the second primary power source are serially connected;
initially stepping up a positive DC voltage of the first primary power source to a higher positive DC voltage;
initially stepping down a negative DC voltage of the second primary power source to a lower negative DC voltage;
reducing power generated by the second primary power source; and
further stepping up the positive DC voltage of the first primary power source to a second higher positive DC voltage. - View Dependent Claims (116, 117, 118, 119)
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Specification