Acoustic doppler channel flow measurement system

• US 6,714,482 B2
• Filed: 08/27/2002
• Issued: 03/30/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 08/28/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Teledyne Instruments Incorporated (Teledyne Technologies Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Teledyne Industries Incorporated (Teledyne Technologies Incorporated)
• Inventors: Rowe, Francis D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lobo, Ian J.
• Application Number:
  US10/231,366
• Publication Number:
  US 20030076742A1
• Time in Patent Office: 581 Days
• Field of Search: 367/87, 367/89, 367/90, 738/612.5, 738/612.6, 731/701.3
• US Class Current: 367/90
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/002 wherein the flow is in an open channel
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/663 by measuring Doppler frequency shift
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 5/241 by using reflection of acoustical waves, i.e. Doppler-effect
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/42 Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates indirect measurement G01S15/46
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/60 wherein the transmitter and receiver are mounted on the moving object, e.g. for determining ground speed, drift angle, ground track
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/521 Constructional features
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/539 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 90/30 Assessment of water resources

Abstract

An improved acoustic Doppler flow measurement system which employs multiple acoustic frequencies to acquire multiple independent backscatter data from the flow channel, combining the data to enable survey measurement of channel flow properties beyond what can be achieved with either a single frequency system or multiple independent single frequency systems. The system is installed on small moving channel survey boats, remotely measuring vertical profiles of river currents, achieving accurate surveys of channel flow velocity structure and bottom topography, enabling accurate (approximately 1% resolution) survey measurement of channel flow discharge. Significant synergistic improvements are realized from both physical and functional integrations of the multi-frequency operational capability into a single integrated flow survey system. Use of phased array transducer techniques further reduces flow disturbance and transducer size, enabling use on even smaller survey boats.

Claims

1. A Doppler sonar flow measurement system comprising:

a transducer assembly mounted on a platform wherein the transducer assembly is adapted to transmit plurality of different frequency acoustic signals underwater and then receive backscattered echoes of the acoustic signals, wherein the transducer assembly comprises a first phased array transducer transmitting at a first frequency and a second phased array transducer transmitting at a second frequency;

an electronic assembly that drives the transducer assembly to generate the plurality of different frequency acoustic signals, and processes the echoes so as to determine relative velocity of underwater characteristics of a river flowing in a defined channel; and

a housing assembly that houses the transducer assembly so as to reduce the disturbance of the flow of the river caused by the sonar system,

wherein the first and second phased array transducers are adapted to measure underwater characteristics of the river at two different, respective, depth ranges.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the housing assembly comprises a single housing that houses the transducer assembly.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the transducer assembly comprises two or more transducers wherein each transducer transmits at a characteristic frequency.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first frequency is in a range of approximately 300-600 KHz and the second frequency is in a range of approximately 1200-2400 KHz.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the platform is a fixed structure relative to the defined channel and wherein the transducer assembly mounted thereon measures the flow velocity of the river with respect to the fixed structure.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the platform is a boat moving relative to the defined channel and wherein the transducer assembly mounted thereon measures the flow velocity of the river with respect to the boat.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the transducer assembly measures the motion of the boat relative to the bottom of the defined channel.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic assembly is housed in the housing assembly.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the river is a man-made channel.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the first frequency is in a range of approximately 300-600 KHz and the second frequency is in a range of approximately 1200-2400 KHz.

10. A Doppler sonar flow measurement system comprising:

at least one phased array mounted on a platform wherein each of the at least one phased array comprises a plurality of transducer elements arranged in a selected manner and wherein the at least one phased array comprises a first phased array operating at a first frequency and a second phased array operating at a second frequency, and is adapted to transmit a plurality of different frequency acoustic signals underwater and receive their backscattered echoes;

an electronic assembly that drives the at least one phased array to generate the acoustic signals, and processes the echoes so as to determine relative velocity of underwater characteristics of a river flowing in a defined channel; and

a housing assembly that houses the at least one phased array so as to reduce the disturbance of the flow of the river caused by the sonar system,

wherein the first and second phased arrays are adapted to measure underwater characteristics of the river at two different, respective, depth ranges.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the platform is a fixed structure relative to the defined channel and wherein the at least one phased array mounted thereon measures the flow velocity of the river with respect to the fixed structure.

13. The system of claim 10, wherein the platform is a boat moving relative to the defined channel and wherein the at least one phased array mounted thereon measures the flow velocity of the river with respect to the boat.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one phased array measures the motion of the boat relative to the bottom of the defined channel.

15. The system of claim 10, wherein the electronic assembly is housed in the housing assembly.

16. A Doppler sonar flow measurement system comprising:

at least two phased arrays mounted on a platform wherein each of the at least two phased arrays comprises a plurality of transducer elements arranged in a selected manner and wherein the at least two phased arrays are adapted to operate at different frequencies to transmit acoustic signals underwater and receive their backscattered echoes;

an electronic assembly that drives the at least two phased arrays at the different frequencies, and processes the echoes so as to determine relative velocity of underwater characteristics of a river flowing in a defined channel; and

a housing assembly that houses the at least two phased arrays so as to reduce the disturbance of the flow of the river caused by the sonar system,

wherein the at least two phased arrays are adapted to measure underwater characteristics of the river at different, respective, depth ranges.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the housing assembly comprises a single housing that houses the at least two phased arrays.

18. The system of claim 16, further comprising a first phased array operating at a first frequency and a second phased array operating at a second frequency.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein the first frequency is in a range of approximately 300-600 KHz and the second frequency is in a range of approximately 1200-2400 KHz.

20. The system of claim 16, wherein the platform is a fixed structure relative to the defined channel and wherein the at least two phased arrays mounted thereon measure the flow velocity of the river with respect to the fixed structure.

21. The system of claim 16, wherein the platform is a boat moving relative to the defined channel and wherein the at least two phased arrays mounted thereon measure the flow velocity of the river with respect to the boat.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein one of the at least two phased arrays measures the motion of the boat relative to the bottom of the defined channel.

23. The system of claim 16, wherein the different frequencies are spaced apart at least by a factor of 2.

24. A method of measuring flow velocity of a river, the method comprising:

mounting a Doppler sonar system on a boat wherein the sonar system comprises a first and a second acoustic transducer operating at different frequencies;

streamlining the mounted sonar system so as to reduce its effect on the disturbance of the flow of the river;

transmitting a first and a second acoustic signal into the river wherein the first signal is transmitted by the first transducer and the second signal is transmitted by the second transducer; and

receiving and processing backscattered echoes of the first and second acoustic signals wherein the echo from the first signal is used to measure the flow velocity of the river within a first range and the echo from the second signal is used to measure the flow velocity of the river within a second range,

wherein the backscattered echoes result in independent data that allow independent determination of the flow velocity at each of the first and second ranges and the first and second ranges are different.

25. The method of claim 24, further comprising traversing the river on the boat to measure a sectional profile of the river'"'"'s flow velocity.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein one of the acoustic signals is used to measure boat'"'"'s velocity relative to the bottom of the river.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein transmitting the first and second signals comprises transmitting the first signal at a first frequency and transmitting the second signal at a second frequency.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first frequency is in a range of approximately 300-600 KHz and the second frequency is in a range of approximately 1200-2400 KHz.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising offsetting the motion of the boat from the measurement using the first frequency acoustic signal to determine the boat'"'"'s motion relative to the bottom of the river.

30. The method of claim 24, wherein the first and second acoustic frequency signals are spaced apart at least by a factor of 2.

31. The method of claim 24, wherein the river is a man-made channel.

44. The method of claim 29, wherein the first and second acoustic frequency signals are spaced apart at least by a factor of 2.

32. A method of measuring flow velocity of a river, the method comprising:

mounting a Doppler sonar system on a boat wherein the sonar system comprises a phased array of transducers;

streamlining the mounted sonar system so as to reduce its effect on the disturbance of the flow of the river;

transmitting into the river at least one set of a plurality of acoustic beams formed by the phased array;

receiving a plurality of backscattered echoes from the river; and

processing the echoes to determine the flow velocity of the river wherein the plurality of acoustic beams from the phased array system permit measurement of the flow velocity independent of speed of sound in the water;

wherein the plurality of backscattered echoes result in independent data that allow independent determination of the flow velocity at different, respective, depth ranges.

33. The method of claim 32, comprising traversing the river on the boat to measure a sectional profile of the river'"'"'s flow velocity.

34. The method of claim 33, further comprising offsetting the motion of the boat from the measurement using a low frequency acoustic signal to determine the boat'"'"'s motion relative to the bottom of the river.

35. The method of claim 32, wherein transmitting into the river comprises transmitting a first set of acoustic beams at a first frequency and a second set of acoustic beams at a second frequency.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the first frequency is in a range of approximately 300-600 KHz and the second frequency is in a range of approximately 1200-2400 KHz.

37. The method of claim 32, further comprising determining waterflow structure and total volume of flow in a river, estuary, harbor or man-made channel.

38. A method of measuring flow velocity of a river, the method comprising:

mounting a Doppler sonar system on a boat wherein the sonar system comprises a first and a second acoustic transducer operating at different frequencies;

transmitting a first and a second acoustic signal into the river wherein the first signal is transmitted by the first transducer and the second signal is transmitted by the second transducer and each transducer is driven via separate electronics; and

receiving and processing backscattered echoes of the first and second acoustic signals wherein the echo from the first signal is used to measure the flow velocity of the river within a first range and the echo from the second signal is used to measure the flow velocity of the river within a second range,

wherein the backscattered echoes result in independent data that allow independent determination of the flow velocity at each of the first and second ranges.

39. The method of claim 38, further comprising traversing the river on the boat to measure a sectional profile of the river'"'"'s flow velocity.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein one of the acoustic signals is used to measure boat'"'"'s velocity relative to the bottom of the river.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein transmitting the first and second signals comprises transmitting the first signal at a first frequency and transmitting the second signal at a second frequency.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the first frequency is in a range of approximately 300-600 KHz and the second frequency is in a range of approximately 1200-2400 KHz.

43. The method of claim 42, further comprising offsetting the motion of the boat from the measurement using the first frequency acoustic signal to determine the boat'"'"'s motion relative to the bottom of the river.

45. A method of measuring flow velocity of a river, the method comprising:

mounting a Doppler sonar system on a boat wherein the sonar system comprises a phased array of transducers;

transmitting into the river at least one set of a plurality of acoustic beams formed by the phased array;

receiving a plurality of backscattered echoes from the river; and

processing the echoes to determine the flow velocity of the river wherein the plurality of acoustic beams from the phased array system permit measurement of the flow velocity independent of speed of sound in the water,

wherein the plurality of backscattered echoes result in independent data that allow independent determination of the flow velocity at different, respective, depth ranges.

46. The method of claim 45, further comprising traversing the river on the boat to measure a sectional profile of the river'"'"'s flow velocity.

47. The method of claim 46, further comprising offsetting the motion of the boat from the measurement using a low frequency acoustic signal to determine the boat'"'"'s motion relative to the bottom of the river.

48. The method of claim 45, wherein transmitting into the river comprises transmitting a first set of acoustic beams at a first frequency and a second set of acoustic beams at a second frequency.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the first frequency is in a range of approximately 300-600 KHz and the second frequency is in a range of approximately 1200-2400 KHz.

50. The method of claim 45, further comprising determining waterflow structure and total volume of flow in a river, estuary, harbor or man-made channel.