Cathode materials for secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries

• US 7,964,308 B2
• Filed: 09/08/2010
• Issued: 06/21/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hydro-Quebec (Province of Québec)
• Original Assignee: Hydro-Quebec (Province of Québec)
• Inventors: Nanjundaswamy, Kirakodu S., Goodenough, John B., Padhi, Akshaya K., Masquelier, Christian
• Primary Examiner(s): Yuan; Dah-Wei D
• Assistant Examiner(s): Arciero; Adam A
• Application Number:
  US12/877,744
• Publication Number:
  US 20110006270A1
• Time in Patent Office: 286 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 429/218.1
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 25/45 containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/155 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0068 inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/049 Manufacturing of an active layer by chemical means
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/136 Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1397 of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/583 Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/622 being polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/625 Carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49108 Electric battery cell making

Abstract

The invention relates to materials for use as electrodes in an alkali-ion secondary (rechargeable) battery, particularly a lithium-ion battery. The invention provides transition-metal compounds having the ordered-olivineor the rhombohedral NASICON structure and the polyanion (PO₄)³⁻ as at least one constituent for use as electrode material for alkali-ion rechargeable batteries.

Claims

1. A synthesized cathode material usable in a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising one or more compounds, at least one of the compounds with an olivine structure comprising the general formula LiMPO₄, where M is one or more first-row transition-metals.

2. The cathode material of claim 1, where M comprises Fe.

3. The cathode material of claim 1, where M comprises Mn.

4. The cathode material of claim 1, wherein the cathode material further comprises a second compound.

5. The cathode material of claim 1, where M comprises a combination of cations of the same element.

6. The cathode material of claim 1, where M is a combination of first row transition-metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe and Ti and where Fe₁₋

xMn_x or Fe<sub>1−

x</sub>Ti_x and 0<

x<

1.

7. The cathode material of claim 6, wherein the compound comprises the formula LiFe₁₋

xMn_xPO₄ and 0<

x<

1.

8. The cathode material of claim 1, wherein the cathode material further comprises a conductive additive.

18. The cathode material of claim 1, where M comprises Co.

19. The cathode material of claim 1, where M comprises Ni.

9. A rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising a cathode comprising one or more compounds, at least one of the compounds with an olivine structure compound comprising the general formula LiMPO₄, where M is one or more first-row transition-metals.

10. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, where M comprises Fe.

11. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, where M comprises Mn.

12. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, where M comprises a combination of cations of the same element.

13. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, wherein the cathode further comprises a second compound.

14. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, where M is a combination of first row transition-metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe and Ti and where Fe₁₋

xMn_x or Fe<sub>1−

x</sub>Ti_x and 0<

x<

1.

15. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the compound comprises the formula LiFe₁₋

xMn_xPO₄ and 0<

x<

1.

16. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, wherein the cathode further comprises a conductive additive.

17. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, wherein the cathode further comprises a polymeric binder.

20. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, where M comprises Co.

21. The rechargeable electrochemical cell of claim 9, where M comprises Ni.