Inventor William Grecia has followed up a November 2018 wave of lawsuits against carriers Deutsche Telekom (T-Mobile), SoftBank (Sprint), and Verizon over their provision of Samsung Galaxy phones using Samsung Pay, with a new wave of cases against financial institutions. Bank of New York Mellon (1:19-cv-02810), Citibank (1:19-cv-02811), Morgan Stanley (1:19-cv-02811), and TIAA Bank (1:19-cv-02812) are each accused of infringing a single Grecia patent broadly directed to user authentication for digital content stored in a cloud; at issue are payment transfer services using the Zelle digital payments network, which was founded by a group of US financial institutions.